1816 edit extracted from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (using Wikipedia Reflection Script)

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1780s  1790s  1800s  – 1810s –  1820s  1830s  1840s
Years:	1813 1814 1815 – 1816 – 1817 1818 1819

1816 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science

Sports – Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Ireland – Mexico – Netherlands – New Zealand – Norway – South Africa – Spain – UK – USA

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works v • d • e

Year 1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). This year was known as The Year Without a Summer because of low global temperatures.

Events of 1816

January–June

• Known as the "Year Without a Summer" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815.
• January 1 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order for the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Russian Empire.
• January 9 – Sir Humphry Davy tests the Davy lamp for Miners at Hebburn Colliery.
• February 12 – Fire nearly destroys the city of St. John's, Newfoundland.
• February 20 – Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville debuts at Teatro Argentina, with a fiasco.
• March 23 – Estonia emancipates its peasants from serfdom.
• March 25 – Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck dies and is succeeded by the later Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, his son and founder of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
• April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.
• May 2 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians) marries Charlotte Augusta, but she dies the next year.
• June 19 – Battle of Seven Oaks: The Hudson's Bay Company is defeated by the North West Fur-Trading Company, near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

July–December

• July 9 – Argentina gains independence from Spain.
• July 17 – The French passenger ship Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.
• August 24 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.
• August 27 – Bombardment of Algiers: Various European Allie ships force the Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.
• November – James Monroe defeats Rufus King in the U.S. presidential election.
• December 11 – Indiana is admitted as the 19th U.S. state.

Undated

• Tsultrim Gyatso becomes the 10th Dalai Lama.
• Banjul, capital of The Gambia, is founded as a trading post, and named Bathurst.
• René Laennec invents the stethoscope.
• The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.
• E. Remington and Sons (the famous firearm and later typewriter manufacturing company) is founded.
• The Senate of Finland is established.
• Robert Stirling patents his Stirling engine, then known as Stirling's air engine.
• A rail capable of supporting a heavy locomotive is developed.
• The Ottomans grant Serbia local autonomy.
• Rammohun Roy founds Hindu College in Calcutta, offering instructions in Western languages and subjects.

Births

• March 14 – William Marsh Rice, American university founder (d. 1900)
• April 21 – Charlotte Brontë, British novelist (d. 1855)
• April 22 – Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
• April 25 – Eliza Daniel Stewart, American temperance movement leader (d. 1908)
• May 24 – Emanuel Leutze, American painter (d. 1868)
• June 19 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1899)
• June 30 – Richard Lindon, Inventor of the Rugby Ball (d. 1887)
• July 4 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and author (d. 1882)
• July 23 – Charlotte Cushman, American stage actress (d. 1876)
• July 31 – George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
• August 4 – William Julian Albert, U.S. Congressman (d. 1879)
• August 16 – Charles John Vaughan, English scholar (d. 1897)
• November 17 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer (d. 1876)
• December 13 – Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1892)
• date unknown – Francis Dutton, Premier of South Australia (d. 1877)

Deaths

• January 27 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (b. 1724)
• February 6 – Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, Polish szlachcianka (b. 1744)
• February 22 – Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (b. 1723)
• March 19 – Philip Mazzei, Italian physician and friend of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1730)
• March 20 – Queen Maria I of Portugal (b. 1734)
• June 5 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer (b. 1751)
• June 12 – Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (b. 1757)
• July 5 – Dorothy Jordan, actress, mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1761)
• July 7 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright (b. 1751)
• July 14 – Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez forerunner of Latin American independece.
• September 27 – Edward Charles Howard, British chemist and chemical engineer (b. 1774)
• November 8 – Gouverneur Morris, American statesman (b. 1752)
• December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English statesman and scientist (b. 1753)
• December 30 – Louis Henri Loison, French general (b. 1771)

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