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Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS)
Info
Locale	Bangkok, Thailand
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	2
Number of stations	23
Daily ridership	Over 400,0001
Operation
Began operation	5 December 1999
Owner	Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
Operator(s)	Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited
Number of vehicles	35
Technical
System length	55 km (34.18 mi)2
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) (standard gauge)
Average speed	35 km/h (21.75 mph)
Top speed	80 km/h (49.71 mph)
Route map Legend Mo Chit MRT Saphan Khwai Sena Ruam Ari Sanam Pao Victory Monument Phaya Thai National Stadium Ratchathewi Siam Ratchadamri Chit Lom MRT Sala Daeng Phloen Chit Chong Nonsi Nana Sueksa Witthaya Asok MRT Surasak Phrom Phong Saphan Taksin Thong Lo Ekkamai Krung Thonburi Phra Khanong Wongwian Yai On Nut

The Bangkok Mass Transit System, commonly known by its abbreviation as the BTS Skytrain (Thai: รถไฟฟ้าบีทีเอส), is an elevated rapid transit system in Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited (BTSC) under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). The system consists of twenty-three stations along two lines: the Sukhumvit line running northwards and eastwards, terminating at Mo Chit and On Nut respectively, and the Silom line which plies Silom and Sathon Roads, the Central Business District of Bangkok, terminating at the National Stadium and Saphan Taksin (Taksin Bridge). The lines interchange at Siam Station and have a combined route distance of 55 km. The system is formally known as the Elevated Train in Commemoration of HM the King's 6th Cycle Birthday (รถไฟฟ้าเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 6 รอบ พระชนมพรรษา).

History

Skytrain approaching Sala Daeng Station

Interior of a train.

Bangkok's first attempt at building an elevated rail network was the Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System, which was terminated in 1998 after only 10% had been completed.

The BTS system (the elevated metro system owned by BMA) was initially referred to as the Lavalin Skytrain because it was to be designed using the Vancouver SkyTrain as a model adopting the technology developed by SNC Lavalin. Due to political interference, the concession with Lavalin was cancelled in 1992, in spite of Bangkok's chronic traffic congestion. The Thai Government focused on increasing road and expressway infrastructure in an attempt to combat congestion. However, this had less than the desired impact as the number of cars on the road increased dramatically. The lines considered under the skytrain project became later the basis for the Bangkok Metro system and interesting enough are mainly underground.

In the early 1990s, foundations for the Lavalin Skytrain were constructed in the middle of two bridges spanning the Chao Phraya river. The Taksin bridge now supports the under-construction Silom line to Thon Buri, scheduled be completed by April 2009. The supports at Phra Pin-klao bridge Phra Pin-klao Bridge remain unused but may be utilised as part of the MRT's future Purple Line.

Shortly after the it became clear that the Lavalin Skytrain was stalled, then-governor Major-General Chamlong Srimuang asked his deputy Krisda Arunvongse na Ayutthaya to create a new feeder system with a route along Sukhumvit and Silom Rd. Krisda, who in the same period was elected governor, and his team from BMA managed to find an investor to build it. Krisda also convinced all to let the city supervise the project. The investor founded Bangkok Transit System Corporation and this company successfully financed the system and grew it from a feeder system to a full mass transit project. Siemens as supplier of the railway technology and the Thai contractor Italian Thai Development built the system for BTSC.

The 'Skytrain' name was given to the system later by the press. It stuck and will likely be kept even though the portion of system through the historic Rattana Kosin island will one day be below grade.

Originally, the Skytrain depot was to be built in Lumphini Park, but due to widespread objections from Bangkok residents it was constructed on a parcel of land located along Phahonyothin Road, replacing the old Northern/Northeastern bus terminal (Mo Chit). The current depot at Mo Chit is a part of the proposed 'Bangkok Terminal' project, where a large complex comprising a new regional bus terminal, park & ride facility and other commercial development can be built directly above it.

Thanayong Public Company Limited (Thai บริษัท ธนายง จำกัด (มหาชน)) had a 28.21% stake in BTSC when the Skytrain began, and therefore in its early days the system was sometimes referred to as the "Thanayong Skytrain".

The Skytrain system was officially opened on December 5 1999 by HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. It initially had lower-than-predicted ridership, with 200,000 passenger trips per day. Ticket revenue was only enough to meet the trains' operating cost, and not sufficient to service construction loans. However, the Skytrain's daily passenger numbers have steadily increased since then. On December 9 2005, more than 500,000 single trips were made on the Skytrain in a single day for the first time. BTSC is currently planning to purchase more trains and is studying the possibility of putting 6-car trains into service. The company implemented a contactless ticketing system in 2007, and plans to allow both BTS and MRT passengers to use their RFID smart cards as joint tickets in the future.

Station layout

Exterior view of National Stadium Station

The upper platform at Siam interchange station, for north- and west-bound trains

All of the system's stations are elevated and constructed on three levels.³ The street level provides access to the station proper via stairs and often escalators. Supporting utility equipment (generators, water tanks, etc.) are usually located at this level on traffic islands.

The first elevated level of the stations contains the ticket booths, some small kiosk-like shops and access control gates. The second level (and third at Siam station) is again accessed with stairs and escalators and contains the platforms and rails. With the exception of Siam Station, the stations follow a side platform layout. Siam Station utilizes island platforms to facilitate cross-platform transfer between the two lines. Additionally, many stations have ramps and elevators to allow wheelchair-bound passengers to access the ticketing hall and platforms from the street. The distances between doors are equal throughout the train, regardless of whether they are in the same or different cars, and the locations where the doors will be after the train has stopped are marked on the platform. The platforms are built to accommodate trains of six cars, but trains of only three cars are in operation. For security and safety, security personnel are stationed at every platform and all ticketing halls.

Three Skytrain stations, Sala Daeng, Asok and Mo Chit, are interchanges with the underground MRT system. Saphan Taksin station is connected to the adjacent Sathon pier where the Chao Phraya Express Boat services call. Many stations are linked by 'Skybridges' (overhead pedestrian walkways) to neighbouring buildings and public amenities.

Consumption of food or drinks is forbidden past the ticketing gate or on the Skytrain.

Ticketing

For single-trip and stored-value ticket holders fares are calculated according to distance, but adult / student / tourist passes for limited / unlimited train rides are also available. Next to the magnetic fare cards, which require replacement once every two years, the Skytrain has adopted near-field contactless technology in its ticketing system, with the intent of becoming compatible with the system presently used in the MRT.^{citation needed}

Stations

In the table below, an italicized name indicates that the station is a planned extension to the current line and not yet in operation.

Code	Station Name	Notes	coordinates
Sukhumvit Line
N20	Saphan Mai (2010-2012)
N19	Sai Yut (Phahonyothin 57) (2010-2012)
N18	Lak Si Monument (Phahonyothin 50) (2010-2012)
N17	Wat Prasri Mathadhat (2010-2012)
N16	the 11th Infantry Regiment (2010-2012)
N15	Bang Bua (2010-2012)
N14	Royal Forestry Department (2010-2012)
N13	Kasetsart University (2010-2012)
N12	Sena Nikhom (2010-2012)
N11	Ratchayothin (2010-2012)
N10	Phahonyothin 24 (Satree Warranat) (2010-2012)
N9	Lat Phrao Intersection (2010-2012)
	Vibhavadee (Planned, 2010-2012)
N8	Mo Chit	MRT Blue Line: Chatuchak Park Station Terminal station	13°48′9.30″N 100°33′13.80″E / 13.8025833, 100.5538333
N7	Saphan Khwai		13°47′37.68″N 100°32′59.03″E / 13.7938, 100.5497306
N6	Sena Ruam (Planned)
N5	Ari		13°46′46.93″N 100°32′40.71″E / 13.7797028, 100.5446417
N4	Sanam Pao		13°46′21.44″N 100°32′31.53″E / 13.7726222, 100.5420917
N3	Victory Monument	BMTA bus lines	13°45′45.88″N 100°32′13.51″E / 13.7627444, 100.5370861
N2	Phaya Thai Skytrain StationPhaya Thai	Suvarnabhumi Airport Link: Phaya Thai Station (2009)	13°45′24.99″N 100°32′1.84″E / 13.7569417, 100.5338444
N1	Ratchathewi		13°45′6.75″N 100°31′53.67″E / 13.751875, 100.531575
CS	Siam	Interchange to Silom Line Tourist information office	13°44′44.23″N 100°32′3.22″E / 13.7456194, 100.5342278
E1	Chit Lom		13°44′38.79″N 100°32′35.15″E / 13.7441083, 100.5430972
E2	Phloen Chit		13°44′35.09″N 100°32′56.47″E / 13.7430806, 100.5490194
E3	Nana	Tourist information office	13°44′26.17″N 100°33′19.43″E / 13.7406028, 100.5553972
E4	Asok	MRT Blue Line: Sukhumvit Station	13°44′13.32″N 100°33′37.51″E / 13.7370333, 100.5604194
E5	Phrom Phong		13°43′49.58″N 100°34′11.03″E / 13.7304389, 100.5697306
E6	Thong Lo		13°43′27.28″N 100°34′42.81″E / 13.7242444, 100.5785583
E7	Ekkamai	Eastern Bus Terminal	13°43′10.41″N 100°35′6.63″E / 13.7195583, 100.585175
E8	Phra Khanong		13°42′54.70″N 100°35′28.62″E / 13.7151944, 100.5912833
E9	On Nut	Terminal station	13°42′20.20″N 100°36′3.90″E / 13.7056111, 100.6010833
E10	Bangchak (End of 2010)		13°41′45.65″N 100°36′20.52″E / 13.6960139, 100.6057
E11	Punnawithi (End of 2010)		13°41′20.11″N 100°36′33.16″E / 13.6889194, 100.6092111
E12	Udom Suk (End of 2010)		13°40′49.14″N 100°36′34.77″E / 13.6803167, 100.6096583
E13	Bang Na (End of 2010)		13°40′5.07″N 100°36′16.77″E / 13.668075, 100.6046583
E14	Bearing (End of 2010)		13°39′33.61″N 100°36′3.78″E / 13.6593361, 100.60105
E15	Samrong (further extension to Samut Prakan Province)
Silom Line
W6	Prannok (planned ?)	MRT Blue Line (future extension)
W5	Bangkok Noi (planned ?)
W4	Sanam Luang (planned ?)
W3	Phanfa Lilat (planned ?)	MRT Purple Line (future extension)
W2	Kasat Sueg (planned ?)
W1	National Stadium	Terminal station	13°44′47.45″N 100°31′44.79″E / 13.7465139, 100.5291083
CS	Siam	Interchange to Sukhumvit Line	13°44′44.39″N 100°32′3.19″E / 13.7456639, 100.5342194
S1	Ratchadamri		13°44′21.09″N 100°32′21.87″E / 13.7391917, 100.5394083
S2	Sala Daeng	MRT Blue Line: Si Lom Station	13°43′42.63″N 100°32′2.88″E / 13.7285083, 100.5341333
S3	Chong Nonsi	BRT: Chong Nonsi Skytrain Station (planned)	13°43′25.63″N 100°31′46.00″E / 13.7237861, 100.5294444
S4	Sueksa Witthaya (Planned)
S5	Surasak		13°43′9.26″N 100°31′17.32″E / 13.7192389, 100.5214778
S6	Saphan Taksin	Chao Phraya Express Boat (Sathon Central Pier) Tourist information office Terminal station	13°43′7.59″N 100°30′50.78″E / 13.718775, 100.5141056
S7	Krung Thonburi (April 2009)		13°43′15.34″N 100°30′9.70″E / 13.7209278, 100.5026944
S8	Wongwian Yai (April 2009)	MRT Purple Line (future extension)	13°43′15.95″N 100°29′42.88″E / 13.7210972, 100.4952444
S9	Po Nimit (2011?)
S10	South Ratchadaphisek (2011?)
S11	Wutthakat (2011?)
S12	Bang Wa (2011?)	MRT Blue Line (future extension)
S13	Wat Pra Du (2011?)

Route extension

No Skytrain extensions have opened since the opening of the original system. There are many political problems in Thailand with favoritism and nepotism regarding the contracts for expansions from the government, until recently controlled by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra's Thai Rak Thai party, of stalling the Skytrain extensions in order to punish the BMA, which is controlled by the opposition Democrat Party, by doing so hoping to prevent the Democrats from gaining popularity among Bangkok residents.

In 2002 the cabinet was requested to amend a law in order to allow a private firm to finance the cost of operating the train system, while the government takes care of all the civil engineering works. On October 18, 2005, with no approval from the central government forthcoming, the BMA decided to seek to complete the 2.2 km Silom Line route extension (S7 Charoen Nakhon & S8 Wongwian Yai) using its own budget. Construction began on December 13, 2005 with completion originally expected within a year, but problems with tendering for the signalling system have repeatedly pushed back the schedule, with the opening now planned for early 2009, first scheduled to open September 2002.

The extension plan for the BTS can be summarized as follows:

Phase I

• On Nut – Samrong (terminating at Sukhumvit Soi 119) – 8.9 km, Now, shortened to Onnut - Bearing (terminating at Sukhumvit 107, the border pole of BMA) – 5.2 km. The rest has been pushed to Phase II
• Saphan Taksin – Wong Wian Yai (terminating at Th. Somdet Chao Phraya) – 2.2 km
• Mo Chit – Saphan Mai – 12 km

Phase II

• Samrong – Samut Prakan – 7.9 km (Now Bearing - Samrong - Samut Prakarn - with total distance of 10.6 km)
• Wong Wian Yai – Bang Wa (terminating at Th. Phetchakasem) – 4.5 km
• National Stadium – Phran Nok (terminating at Th. Charan Sanit Wong) – 6.8 km

See also

• List of rapid transit systems
• Bangkok Metro
• BRT (Bangkok)
• SRT Lines
• Suvarnabhumi Airport Link

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: BTS Skytrain

• BTSC official web site
• 2Bangkok.com Skytrain site
  • the System Map of Bangkok Rail Transit Network in PDF format
  • the Master Plan of Bangkok Transport Network in PDF format
• UrbanRail.net: Bangkok

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