Chin State edit
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Chin State edit
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| ချင်းပြည်နယ် Chin State (MLCTS: kyang: pranynai) |
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| Capital | Hakha |
| Region | Western |
| Area | 36,018 km² |
| Population | 473,000 (538,000 in 2005) |
| Ethnicities | Chin, Bamar |
| Religions | Christianity, Buddhism |
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Chin State (Burmese: ချင်းပြည်နယ်) is a state located in the western sector of Burma (Union of Myanmar). Its capital is Hakha. The 13,907-square-mile (36,020 km2) Chin State is home to Chin, Mro, Khami, and Bamar ethnic groups.
It is a mountainous region with very few plains. Many natural watercourses are flowing among mountain ranges running from north to south forming a number of valleys and gorges. Mount Victoria or Mount Khawnusoum, 10,500 feet (3,200 m) high is the highest peak in Chin State. The state has a lot of rivers and the Manipura River flows through its northern territory. Longest water fall in Chin state is Bungtla water fall it is located in Matupi.
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The original capital of Chin State was Falam, but it was moved to Haka later. Chin State was not part of Burma until British colonization. The local authorities signed the Pinlong Agreement to bring Chin State under Burmese control, although the Burmese authorities had intended to give the Chins independence after the British raj (colonial rule). However, due to the assassination of General Aung San, the Panglong agreement was ignored and was not honored by the government at that time.
Upon independence on 4 January 1948, the Chin Hills special division split administratively from Arakan division, under a Minister of State :
Since on 2 March 1962 autonomy was abolished, it had a single Chairman of the Supreme State Council, U San Kho Lian, who remained in office until March 1974 (two months after the 3 January 1974 creation of Chin state)
The military administration of the country has subsequently failed to develop infrastructure in the state, with the result that prior to the 1988 uprising, 80% of the population of the state was of Chin ethnicity, as many ethnic Burmans did not wish to live there. Since that time, the military has attempted to assert its authority more strongly over the state.
Thoungh most of the procent of Chin are Christian, they are even strictly prohibited to obtain thier own religion. The bad organization in the country causes a lot of difficulties and crisis a mong the Chin, as being the non-buddish. About 65% of the Chin who called themselves as Lai, are very serious with their own cultures and traditions.
There are 3 districts, 11 township and 1355 villages in Chin State. The districts are
The townships are
Chin State has a population of about 518,144 and a population density of 37 persons per square mile on December 12, 2006.
The Chin are made up of many clans, which although historically related now speak divergent languages and have different cultural and historical identities. Some consider the name Chin seems an exonym, given by the Burmese and of unclear origin - ... These names are justified respectively by the fact that Chin are world known for Loyalty to the Masters and were well-known for their weaving skills and have been in trade relations with the lowlands for many years.
The term Ciimnuai represent sometimes for Tedim, Tonzang, Kalay, Rih, Haimual, Cikha, Tamu and Lamka people while the term "Laimi" is the most common name for Falam and Haka people. Chin people are called by different clan names such as Zomi, Laimi, Mizo, Manipur, Kuki or Laimi and others based on their own different dialects. Zomi is widely used for their names amongst the known-said Chin like among the Tedim, Tonzang, Cikha, Haimual, Rih, Sagaing Division, Asho, Falam, Mizo, Manipur, Kuki, Paite, Manipur, Haka, Matupi, Kanpetlet, Mindat, and in the lowlands of Burma. Some Laimi Educated leaders need to introduce the Laimi language to be used around the whole Chin lands. Some old man suggested that the term 'Chin' comes from their ancestor the great Chin from China; to have escaped to Burma and then moved around until they reached the high land of Chin Sates, Manipur, Nagaland, Assam (all three in India), Bangladesh, even until Nepal (the Gurkha). Therefore, though 'Chin' is not included in their word. Each tribe of Chin people has its own name, e.g. Zomi, Laimi, Mizo, Paite, Kuki, Kocho and others. These terms could well be cognates, but each has its own pronunciation and sometimes its own meaning.
According to the record of Zam Sian Sang, Gualnam (B.B.A, Laws,) who'd surveyed the Seasons and Population of the called Chin (Zomi) Nationalities during the years 2004-2007 with the 'Zogam Survey' Researched team, the Different combination of all Chin people and their Populations are as follows
1. In Sagaing Division - Zomi - Teddim (427800 + ),
- Mizo (50000 -/+ )
- Laimi - Hakha (74000 + ),
- Paite (23100 -/+)
- Kuki (54000 -/+ )
- Matupi (3000)
- Asho (40000 -/+ ),they live mostly in the lowlands and mixed with Burmans.
2. In Chin State
- Chin (375000 + )in (Tedim/Tonzang/Haimual/Cikha: 375000), Falam, HalKha, Matupi, Kanpetlet, MIndat, Pyay, Rih, Behing, Tonsim, and in Bangladesh.
- Plain Chin (340000 + ) all along the Chin States and in India.
3. In India -Zomi (est. 280000 + )
-Mizo (460000 -/+ )
-Manipur/Paite (312000 -/+ )
-Kuki (290000 -/+ )
No one can say the exact population of Zomi/Laimi/Kuki/Mizo/Matu (Chin) whilst they are dispersing in rush since the past 50 years even.
The word 'Salai' is used for Chin men (similar to Mr.)and 'Tangval' or 'Tg.' (for short form) for Zomi; as well as 'Mai'(Similar to Miss) for Hakha women and 'Mang' for (Matu man), 'Tuem' for (Matu woman)and 'lia' (for the short form of Lianu, Numei, Meichia, anu, kalia). The words 'Pu' and 'Pi', and 'Pa' and 'Nu', are used commonly for elderly Chin and Chin leaders such as Pu Chin Sian Thang, (President of Zomi National Congress). The title of 'Pu' is a term of respect, failure to use it where it might be expected may be interpreted as a sign of disrespect. The word 'Pi' is used to address elderly Chin women. Different tribes also practice different ways in naming people.
The word 'Chin' is a historic and origin name for the so called 'Chin' people who live in Burma, India and Bangladesh. They are also closely related to the Names Suf-fixing and pre-fixingly amongst the Zomi (Chin; the Zo people). But there is still who's tribe is 'Zo' in the Township of Tedim and Tonzang. Their estimated population is 70,000-120,000) but they are in the Tedim. The Chin form the majority of Chin State.
Owing to missionaries' work over the last hundred years, a great deal of the population now identifies itself as Christian. A sizeable minority, however, adheres to animist beliefs and Theravada Buddhism.
The Government has been building many new miles of roads in the mountainous region. Earth roads have been upgraded into metalled ones, and the metaled roads to bituminous facilities. The 115-mile (185 km) Kalay-Falam-Haka road is already completed. Bituminous roads include
have been built.
Asean Highway cross through the center of Zomi settling areas of Madalay-Kalay-Tamu-Lamka/Behiang The sector wise upgrading of the gateways to Chin State
is in progress at present.
The Kyaukhtu Airport, built by Directorate of Military Engineers of the Ministry of Defence in Kyaukhtu, Saw Township, Gangaw District, Magway Division, was commissioned into service on July 10, 2004. The airport has helped develop the transport sector of southern Chin State linking Yaw and Pakokku regions in Magway Division. Cars can reach Kanpetlet, Mindat and Matupi in southern Chin State from Kyaukhtu via Saw.
In 1988, the state has two over 180-foot (55 m) bridges:
The Military Government has built the 340-foot (100 m) Var Bridge across Manipura River on Kalay-Haka Road in Falam Township in 1998 and 480-foot (150 m) 'ManSuanglei' Bridge across River Manipura on Tiddim-Kaptel-Reh Lake road in Tiddim District in 2002. The 460-foot (140 m) Manhsaung Bridge is being built across Manipura River on Tiddim-Reh Lake section.
Development in the communication sector of Chin State
"Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2006)
| Subject | Count | 1988 | 31-12-2006 | Progress |
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| Post Office | office | 29 | 45 | 16 |
| Telegraph Office | office | 11 | 24 | 13 |
| computer offices/trainings
1.Vontawi Compute in Sakollam_PaNangSuanGin 2.Will Computer in Lawibual |
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| Facsimile | 22 | 22 | ||
| Computer telegraph | 3 | 3 | ||
| Telephone | ||||
| -telephone office | office | 8 | 29 | 21 |
| -telephone line | line | 3390 | 4519 | 1129 |
| -exchange | exchange | 8 | 18 | 10 |
| -direct line | line | 2431 | 3402 | 3159 |
| -auto/manual phone | phone | 2431 | 3402 | 3159 |
| Microwave station | station | 5 | 5 | |
| Rural telephone exchange | exchange | 11 | 11 | |
| e-Mail/Internet | 12 | 12 | ||
| Satellite station | ||||
| -VSAT | station | 1 | 1 | |
| -MPT satellite Terminal | station | 15 | 15 |
The effective utilization of land and water resources in the state has helped develop the power generation capacity of the state.
In 1988, the state has four small scale hydro-power stations
The Military Government has built another 12 diesel power stations and six new hydel power plants, helping increase the power consumption of the state.
The four new hydraulic power plants are
The Manipura Multipurpose Dam Project will be implemented in chin State. The Table informs the reader about the development of the state's electricity sector.
Development in the electric power sector of Chin State
"Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2006)"
| Subject | Count | 1988 | 31-12-2006 | Progress |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity consumption | unit (in million) | 1.552 | 5.736 | 4.184 |
| Maximum power | megawatt | 2.000 | 2.217 | 0.217 |
| Installed power | megawatt | 2.709 | 5.787 | 3.078 |
| Extend generating of electricity | ||||
| -Hydel power plant completed | Plant | 4 | 10 | 6 |
| -Small (up to 1 megawatt) | Plant | 4 | 10 | 6 |
| -Diesel used plant | Plant | 19 | 31 | 12 |
| -Private Plant | Plant | 0 | 99 | 99 |
Due to the facilitation of the transport and communication sectors and increase in the power generation in the state, many new private industries have emerged in the region. The state now has 522 private industires, 179 more than 343 in 1988. The number of State owned industries has now reached nine from five in the past. The Government has been striving to develop the industrial sector of the state which will become a major tea-growing region in the future.
"Comparison between period preceding 1988 and after (up to 31-12-2006)"
| Subject | Count | 1988 | 31-12-2006 | Progress |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upgrading of industrial power Industry | ||||
| -Private industry | industry | 343 | 522 | 179 |
| -Cottage industry | industry | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| -State owned industry | industry | 5 | 9 | 4 |
Though 98% of the Chin who called themselves as Lai are Christian, they still are strictly prohibited to obtain their own religions, cultures and traditions by the government.
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