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Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects.1 These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Autonomous okrugs, while federal subjects in their own right, are, at the same time, considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception).

Contents

Types of federal subjects of Russia

Federal subjects of Russia

Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:

 21 republics (республики, sing. республика; respubliki, sing. respublika)—nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
46 oblasts (provinces) (области, sing. область; oblasti, sing. oblast)—most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after the oblast center—the largest city in the oblast, its administrative center.
9 krais (territories) (края, sing. край; kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being less common)—essentially the same as oblasts. The title "territory" is historic, originally given because they were once considered frontier regions.
1 autonomous oblast (autonomous province) (автономная область; avtonomnaya oblast) (The Jewish Autonomous Oblast)
4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous districts) (автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug)—more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
2 federal cities (cities under direct jurisdiction of the Federation) (федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod)—major cities that function as separate regions.

List of federal subjects

The subjects have both numerical codes and two- or three-letter ISO 3166-2:RU codes. The numerical codes span from 01 to 89, although 6 of them are no longer in use after mergers.

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Code ISO Code Type Name Capital or administrative center Flag Coat of arms Federal district Economic region Area (km²)2 Population3
01 AD Republic Republic of Adygea Maykop Southern North Caucasus 7,600 447,109
02 BA Republic Republic of Bashkortostan Ufa Volga Urals 143,600 4,104,336
03 BU Republic Buryat Republic Ulan-Ude Siberian East Siberian 351,300 981,238
04 AL Republic Altai Republic Gorno-Altaysk Siberian West Siberian 92,600 202,947
05 DA Republic Republic of Dagestan Makhachkala Southern North Caucasus 50,300 2,576,531
06 IN Republic Republic of Ingushetia Magas Southern North Caucasus 4,000 467,294
07 KB Republic Kabardino-Balkar Republic Nalchik Southern North Caucasus 12,500 901,494
08 KL Republic Republic of Kalmykia Elista Southern Volga 76,100 292,410
09 KC Republic Karachay-Cherkess Republic Cherkessk Southern North Caucasus 14,100 439,470
10 KR Republic Republic of Karelia Petrozavodsk Northwestern Northern 172,400 716,281
11 KO Republic Komi Republic Syktyvkar Northwestern Northern 415,900 1,018,674
12 ME Republic Mari El Republic Yoshkar-Ola Volga Volga-Vyatka 23,200 727,979
13 MO Republic Republic of Mordovia Saransk Volga Volga-Vyatka 26,200 888,766
14 SA Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Republic Yakutsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 3,103,200 949,280
15 SE Republic Republic of North Ossetia-Alania Vladikavkaz Southern North Caucasus 8,000 710,275
16 TA Republic Republic of Tatarstan Kazan Volga Volga 68,000 3,779,265
17 TY Republic Tyva Republic Kyzyl Siberian East Siberian 170,500 305,510
18 UD Republic Udmurt Republic Izhevsk Volga Urals 42,100 1,570,316
19 KK Republic Republic of Khakassia Abakan Siberian East Siberian 61,900 546,072
20 CE Republic Chechen Republic Grozny Southern North Caucasus 15,300 1,103,686
21 CU Republic Chuvash Republic Cheboksary Volga Volga-Vyatka 18,300 1,313,754
22 ALT Krai Altai Krai Barnaul Siberian West Siberian 169,100 2,607,426
92 — Krai Zabaykalsky Krai Chita Siberian East Siberian 431,500 1,155,346
91 KAM Krai Kamchatka Krai Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Far Eastern Far Eastern 472,300 358,801
23 KDA Krai Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Southern North Caucasus 76,000 5,125,221
24 KYA Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Siberian East Siberian 2,339,700 2,966,042
90 PER Krai Perm Krai Perm Volga Urals 160,600 2,819,421
25 PRI Krai Primorsky Krai Vladivostok Far Eastern Far Eastern 165,900 2,071,210
26 STA Krai Stavropol Krai Stavropol Southern North Caucasus 66,500 2,735,139
27 KHA Krai Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 788,600 1,436,570
28 AMU Oblast Amur Oblast Blagoveshchensk Far Eastern Far Eastern 363,700 902,844
29 ARK Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Northwestern Northern 587,400 1,336,539
30 AST Oblast Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Southern Volga 44,100 1,005,276
31 BEL Oblast Belgorod Oblast Belgorod Central Central Black Earth 27,100 1,511,620
32 BRY Oblast Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Central Central 34,900 1,378,941
33 VLA Oblast Vladimir Oblast Vladimir Central Central 29,000 1,523,990
34 VGG Oblast Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Southern Volga 113,900 2,699,223
35 VLG Oblast Vologda Oblast Vologda Northwestern Northern 145,700 1,269,568
36 VOR Oblast Voronezh Oblast Voronezh Central Central Black Earth 52,400 2,378,803
37 IVA Oblast Ivanovo Oblast Ivanovo Central Central 21,800 1,148,329
38 IRK Oblast Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk Siberian East Siberian 767,900 2,581,705
39 KGD Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Northwestern Kaliningrad 15,100 955,281
40 KLU Oblast Kaluga Oblast Kaluga Central Central 29,900 1,041,641
42 KEM Oblast Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo Siberian West Siberian 95,500 2,899,142
43 KIR Oblast Kirov Oblast Kirov Volga Volga-Vyatka 120,800 1,503,529
44 KOS Oblast Kostroma Oblast Kostroma Central Central 60,100 736,641
45 KGN Oblast Kurgan Oblast Kurgan Urals Urals 71,000 1,019,532
46 KRS Oblast Kursk Oblast Kursk Central Central Black Earth 29,800 1,235,091
47 LEN Oblast Leningrad Oblast St. Petersburg Northwestern Northwestern 84,500 1,669,205
48 LIP Oblast Lipetsk Oblast Lipetsk Central Central Black Earth 24,100 1,213,499
49 MAG Oblast Magadan Oblast Magadan Far Eastern Far Eastern 461,400 182,726
50 MOS Oblast Moscow Oblast Moscow Central Central 45,900 6,618,538
51 MUR Oblast Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Northwestern Northern 144,900 892,534
52 NIZ Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Volga Volga-Vyatka 76,900 3,524,028
53 NGR Oblast Novgorod Oblast Veliky Novgorod Northwestern Northwestern 55,300 694,355
54 NVS Oblast Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk Siberian West Siberian 178,200 2,692,251
55 OMS Oblast Omsk Oblast Omsk Siberian West Siberian 139,700 2,079,220
56 ORE Oblast Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Volga Urals 124,000 2,179,551
57 ORL Oblast Oryol Oblast Oryol Central Central 24,700 860,262
58 PNZ Oblast Penza Oblast Penza Volga Volga 43,200 1,452,941
60 PSK Oblast Pskov Oblast Pskov Northwestern Northwestern 55,300 760,810
61 ROS Oblast Rostov Oblast Rostov-on-Don Southern North Caucasus 100,800 4,404,013
62 RYA Oblast Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Central Central 39,600 1,227,910
63 SAM Oblast Samara Oblast Samara Volga Volga 53,600 3,239,737
64 SAR Oblast Saratov Oblast Saratov Volga Volga 100,200 2,668,310
65 SAK Oblast Sakhalin Oblast Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 87,100 546,695
66 SVE Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast Yekaterinburg Urals Urals 194,800 4,486,214
67 SMO Oblast Smolensk Oblast Smolensk Central Central 49,800 1,049,574
68 TAM Oblast Tambov Oblast Tambov Central Central Black Earth 34,300 1,178,443
69 TVE Oblast Tver Oblast Tver Central Central 84,100 1,471,459
70 TOM Oblast Tomsk Oblast Tomsk Siberian West Siberian 316,900 1,046,039
71 TUL Oblast Tula Oblast Tula Central Central 25,700 1,675,758
72 TYU Oblast Tyumen Oblast Tyumen Urals West Siberian 1,435,200 3,264,841
73 ULY Oblast Ulyanovsk Oblast Ulyanovsk Volga Volga 37,300 1,382,811
74 CHE Oblast Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk Urals Urals 87,900 3,603,339
76 YAR Oblast Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl Central Central 36,400 1,367,398
77 MOW Federal city Moscow — Central Central 1,100 10,382,754
78 SPE Federal city Saint Petersburg — Northwestern Northwestern 1,439 4,662,547
79 YEV Autonomous oblast Jewish Autonomous Oblast Birobidzhan Far Eastern Far Eastern 36,000 190,915
83 NEN Autonomous okrug Nenets Autonomous Okrug Naryan-Mar Northwestern Northern 176,700 41,546
86 KHM Autonomous okrug Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra Khanty-Mansiysk Urals West Siberian 523,100 1,432,817
87 CHU Autonomous okrug Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyr Far Eastern Far Eastern 737,700 53,824
89 YAN Autonomous okrug Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard Urals West Siberian 750,300 507,006

Mergers

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Federal subjects of the Russian Federation

Plans existed to merge some of the federal subjects into larger territories, which started in December 2005. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008.

Date of referendum Date of merger Merger
December 7, 2003 December 1, 2005 Perm Oblast + Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug → Perm Krai
April 17, 2005 January 1, 2007 Krasnoyarsk Krai + Evenk Autonomous Okrug + Taymyr Autonomous Okrug → Krasnoyarsk Krai
October 23, 2005 July 1, 2007 Kamchatka Oblast + Koryak Autonomous Okrug → Kamchatka Krai
April 16, 2006 January 1, 2008 Irkutsk Oblast + Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Irkutsk Oblast
March 11, 2007 March 1, 2008 Chita Oblast + Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Zabaykalsky Krai

Further proposals include merging:

See also

References

  1. ^ Конституция Российской Федерации, Статья 65 (Constitution of Russia, Article 65) (Russian). In 1993, when the constitution was adopted, there were 89 subjects listed. Some of them were later merged.
  2. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved on 2008-04-18.
  3. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved on 2008-06-23.

External links

v • d • e
Subdivisions of Russia
Federal subjects
Republics
Krais
Oblasts
Amur · Arkhangelsk · Astrakhan · Belgorod · Bryansk · Chelyabinsk · Irkutsk · Ivanovo · Kaliningrad · Kaluga · Kemerovo · Kirov · Kostroma · Kurgan · Kursk · Leningrad · Lipetsk · Magadan · Moscow · Murmansk · Nizhny Novgorod · Novgorod · Novosibirsk · Omsk · Orenburg · Oryol · Penza · Pskov · Rostov · Ryazan · Sakhalin · Samara · Saratov · Smolensk · Sverdlovsk · Tambov · Tomsk · Tula · Tver · Tyumen · Ulyanovsk · Vladimir · Volgograd · Vologda · Voronezh · Yaroslavl
Federal cities
Autonomous oblasts
Autonomous okrugs
1administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast
2 administratively subordinated to